12/5/2023 0 Comments Chordotonal neuron dendrite iav![]() In turn, impaired Shh signaling and glial activation may cause neuroinflammation that could disrupt the BBB. Disruption of the Shh/Wnt crosstalk may therefore compromise BBB development and function. Genetic mutations of key components of these pathways have been identified in ASD patients and animal models, which correlate with the severity of ASD symptoms. These interactions are critical to maintain BBB function in the mature CNS to prevent the influx of pathogens and inflammatory cells. The balance between Wnt-β-catenin and Shh pathways controls angiogenesis, barriergenesis, neurodevelopment, central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis, and neuronal guidance. In this review, we explore the role of the Sonic Hedgehog/Wingless-related integration site (Shh/Wnt) pathways in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and BBB development. Its dysfunction can result from developmental genetic abnormalities or neuroinflammatory processes. The BBB plays a critical role in controlling brain homeostasis and immune response. However, the signaling pathways leading to these inflammatory findings and vascular alterations are currently unclear. Post-mortem human studies and some animal ASD models have shown brain neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Thus, the infor- mation processing capabilities of animal brains are quite distinct from those of existing man-made machines, being characterised by their resilience to noise, their capacity to rapidly adapt, learn and generalise, as well as their ability to participate in complex social behaviours.Īutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease originating from combined genetic and environmental factors. Information processing in the CNS exhibits an astonishing degree of diversity when con- sidering the morphology of its neurons, their connectivity patterns, their electrical and their biochemical signalling properties. ![]() Information originating from sensory neurons in contact with the body periphery is gradually transformed along these pathways to generate specific actions through signals relayed by motor neurons to peripheral organs. Within the CNS, these elementary building blocks are densely interconnected in hierarchical and parallel pathways. ![]() Its basic information processing units are nerve cells or neu- rons. The central nervous system (CNS) is specialised in processing information originating from a variety of internal and external sources. ![]()
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